The History of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc.
Since its founding on December 4, 1906, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. has supplied voice and vision to the struggle of African-Americans and people of color around the world.
Alpha Phi Alpha, the first intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity established for African-Americans, was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York by seven college men who recognized the need for a strong bond of Brotherhood among African descendants in this country. The visionary founders, known as the “Jewels” of the Fraternity, are Henry Arthur Callis, Charles Henry Chapman, Eugene Kinckle Jones, George Biddle Kelley, Nathaniel Allison Murray, Robert Harold Ogle, and Vertner Woodson Tandy.
The Fraternity initially served as a study and support group for minority students who faced racial prejudice, both educationally and socially, at Cornell. The Jewel founders and early leaders of the Fraternity succeeded in laying a firm foundation for Alpha Phi Alpha’s principles of scholarship, fellowship, good character, and the uplifting of humanity.
Alpha Phi Alpha chapters were established at other colleges and universities, many of them historically black institutions, soon after the founding at Cornell. The first Alumni Chapter was established in 1911. While continuing to stress academic excellence among its members, Alpha also recognized the need to help correct the educational, economic, political, and social injustices faced by African-Americans. Alpha Phi Alpha has long stood at the forefront of the African-American community’s fight for civil rights through leaders such as: W.E.B. DuBois, Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., Edward Brooke, Martin Luther King, Jr., Thurgood Marshall, Andrew Young, William Gray, Paul Robeson, and many others. True to its form as the “first of firsts,” Alpha Phi Alpha has been interracial since 1945.
National Programs
The fraternity instituted the “Go to High School – Go to College” program, which was designed to impress upon the Black Youths the importance and necessity of education, as well as the Education Foundation which set aside scholarships and fellowships for outstanding students. These programs were specifically designed to address the problem of educational opportunity for the disadvantaged and minorities.
The fraternity helped finance landmark legal cases like the Scottsboro Case. In addition to this, Alpha men who happened to be attorneys actively attacked Jim Crow laws and fought for equal rights in courtrooms throughout the end. Realizing the importance of the utilization of voting rights by Black People, a voter registration program was instituted under the slogan “A Voteless People is a Hopeless People”. The fraternity has provided leadership in all fields of endeavor. Alpha men were vital to the founding of the National Urban League, United Negro College Fund, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. and the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation began collaboratively implementing Project Alpha National Program in 1980. This collaborative project is designed to provide education, motivation and skill-building on issues of responsibility, relationships, teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases for young males ages 12-15 years. Designed to provide young men with current and accurate information about teen pregnancy prevention, Project Alpha consists of a series of workshops and informational sessions conducted by Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity brothers.
Jewel Brother Henry Arthur Callis became a practicing physician, Howard University Professor of Medicine and prolific contributor to medical journals. Often regarded as the “philosopher of the founders,” and a moving force in the Fraternity’s development, he was the only one of the “Cornell Seven” to become General President. Prior to moving to Washington, D.C., he was a medical consultant to the Veterans Hospital in Tuskegee, Alabama. Upon his death in 1974, at age 87, the Fraternity entered a time without any living Jewels. His papers were donated to Howard Moorland-Spingarn Research Center.
Jewel Brother Charles Henry Chapman, entered higher education and eventually became Professor of Agriculture at what is now Florida A&M University. A university funeral was held with considerable Fraternity participation when he became the first Jewel to enter Omega Chapter in 1934. Described as “a Brother beloved in the bonds,” Chapman was a founder of FAMU’s Beta Nu Chapter. During the organization stages of Alpha Chapter, he was the first chairman of the Committees on Initiation and Organization. After leaving Cornell Chapman chose the field of education and was last engaged in teaching at the Florida A&M College, Tallahassee, Florida
Jewel Brother Eugene Kinckle Jones,who although not at Cornell in 1905 -1906, was present on December 4, 1906 when the decision to form a fraternity was made. A versatile leader, he organized the first three Fraternity chapters that branched out from Cornell: Beta at Howard, Gamma at Virginia Union and the original Delta at the University of Toronto in Canada. In addition to becoming Alpha Chapter’s second President and joining with Callis in creating the Fraternity name, Jones was a member of the first Committees on Constitution and Organization and helped write the Fraternity ritual.He occupies a dual place in our history. He is the seventh Jewel and one of the first initiates. His status as a founder was not finally established until 1952. He died in 1954. He served as the first Executive Secretary of the National Urban League. His 20-year tenure with the Urban League thus far has exceeded those of all his successors in office.
Jewel Brother George Biddle Kelley, who after leaving Cornell became the first African American civil engineer and entered the service of the State of New York. Not only was he the strongest proponent of the Fraternity idea among the organization’s founders, the civil engineering student also became Alpha Chapter’s first President. In addition, he served on committees that worked out the handshake and ritual. Kelley was popular with the Brotherhood. He resided in Troy, New York and was active with Beta Pi Lambda Chapter in Albany. He died in 1963.
Jewel Brother Nathaniel Allison Murray, who did college and graduate work at Cornell after completing his undergraduate studies at Howard. He entered the field of education, and was a teacher at the Armstrong Technical High School, Washington, D.C.; much of his career was spent at Armstrong. He was a member of Alpha Chapter’s first committee on organization of the new fraternal group, as well as the Committee on the Grip. The charter member of Washington’s Mu Lambda Chapter was a frequent attendee of General Conventions. He died in 1959.
Jewel Brother Robert Harold Ogle, who after leaving Cornell entered the secretarial field and had the unique privilege of being attached to the office of Committee on Appropriations of the United States Senate. He was an African American pioneer in his Capitol Hill position. He proposed the Fraternity’s colors and was Alpha Chapter’s first secretary. Ogle joined Kelley in working out the first ritual and later became a charter member of Washington’s Mu Lambda Chapter. He died in 1936.
Jewel Brother Vertner Woodson Tandy, who after leaving Cornell became the state of New York’s first registered black architect with offices on Broadway, New York. The designer of the Fraternity pin holds the distinction of being the first African American to pass the military commissioning examination and was commissioned First Lieutenant in the 15th Infantry of the New York State National Guard. He was Alpha Chapter’s first treasurer and took the initiative to incorporate the Fraternity. Among the buildings designed by the highly talented architect is Saint Phillips Episcopal Church in New York City. He died in 1949, at age 64.